Quality Tools for Android
This is an Android sample app + tests that will be used to work on various project to increase the quality of the Android platform.
The idea is that Android programming is still in its infancy compared to the Java world. The Android community needs more robustness in Android apps and it looks like a good idea to build on the Java world experience and use its best tools for Quality Analysis.
We want to provide a full featured industrial development environment that can be used to create more robust projects on Android, by using any of the most interesting and popular technologies.
Here are some slides to present Quality Tools for Android.
Already integrated :
- Standard Android testing framework and code coverage using emma, reported in Sonar. That also covers robotium, easy mock and mockito technologies.
- Robolectric testing framework and code coverage using Cobertura, reported in Sonar. Now in same eclipse project / maven module as app under test thanks to this thread.
- UI Automator testing through a new android maven plugin goal (to be released in android-maven-plugin-3.5.2) and result in sonar.
- Espresso / Android test kit
- Configuration works out of the box in eclipse
- Lint integration via Maven.
- PMD, findbugs, checkstyle integration via Maven, reported in Sonar.
- lint android maven lint integration (pom checker)
- Monkey testing is now automated and reported in Sonar.
- Add classycle support, to enforce architectural constraints, through classycle maven plugin
- Spoon from square, including screenshots during tests.
- maven-android-sdk-deployer to deliver android jars (including uiautomator)
- sonar android lint plugin
- FEST Android.
- Jacoco offline instrumentation for both robolectric and standard junit tests.
- Testing technologies integrated :
- Standard Android tests
- easymock
- mockito
- mockwebserver
- robotium
- fest-android
- robolectric tests
- hamcrest
- easymock
- mockito
- Standard Android tests
- Screenshot lib works during UIAutomator tests.
- BoundBox is used in some StandardAndroid tests and Robolectric tests.
- support for Travis CI.
- Build Status on Travis:
What is missing (TODO/INTEGRATE) :
- get aggregated tests and code coverage for all testing technologies inside a nice Sonar dashboard for Android.
- add support for monkey runner through maven
- add calabash support.
- Add support for JUnit 4 on Android : http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9809180/why-is-junit-4-on-android-not-working
Usage
This section describes how to build & test the project using those different testing technologies.
Please note that this project is under active development. Some goals may require a snapshot version of the maven android plugin available on sonatype snapshot repo.
Install Android Latest SDK through Android SDK Manager
This can be done graphically, or via command line (for CI servers).
Install the Android SDK through maven-android-sdk-deployer
As it takes time to get android jars in maven central, including android UI automator jars in maven central, we recommend to use maven-android-sdk-deployer to obtain android artefacts. This step can also be executed on a CI server.
#install Android SDK 17 local files to local maven repo
git clone [email protected]:mosabua/maven-android-sdk-deployer.git
cd maven-android-sdk-deployer/
mvn install -P 4.2
#Add V4 support library (to use FEST Android)
cd extras/compatibility-v4/
mvn install
Standard Android testing APIs and code coverage using emma
To build the sample project and run the sample app on a plugged rooted device / running emulator :
# in parent folder
mvn clean install -P emma
mvn sonar:sonar -P emma
you will get tests results in : target/surefire-reports/. you will get tests coverage in : target/emma/.
Here is the result in sonar :
You may need to restart adb as root to be able to pull the emma coverage file. In a terminal, type :
adb root
Robolectric and code coverage using cobertura
# in parent folder
mvn clean cobertura:cobertura -P cobertura
mvn sonar:sonar -P cobertura
Here is the result in sonar :
Unified code coverage for both Robolectric and standard Android Junit tests via Jacoco
Using offline instrumentation of Jacoco, it is possilbe to completly replace emma by jacoco for instrumentation. This allows to get both robolectric and standard tests code coverage inside the same project dashboard with sonar.
- Robolectric are considered standard unit tests.
- standard Android Junit tests are considered as standard integration tests. This makes sense as Robolectric tests mock an android platform and can be considered more "unit" tests thant standard android tests because the latter needs a real android platform and relies on networking, disk, locale, etc. It would be better to be able to give names to the test suites inside the widget, and even to add more test suites, for instance to add UI testing (black box testing) or monkey testing.
# in parent folder
mvn clean install -P jacoco
mvn sonar:sonar -P jacoco
Here is the result in sonar :
UI Automator
# in parent folder
mvn clean install -P uiautomator
mvn sonar:sonar -P uiautomator
Here is the result in sonar :
Espresso
To build the sample project and run the sample app on a plugged device / running emulator :
# in parent folder
mvn clean install -P espresso
Spoon from Squareup
# in parent folder
mvn clean install -P spoon
#then browse to android-sample-tests/target/spoon-output/index.html
Here is the result in a browser :
Monkey testing
Monkey is part of Android SDK and allows to harness Application UI and test their robustness. We contributed to a new maven android plugin goal to use monkey automatically and get reports in junit format.
The results can be displayed inside sonar and will appear as normal unit tests.
# in parent folder
mvn clean compile -P monkey
mvn sonar:sonar -P monkey
Here is the result in sonar :
Package cycles check via classycle
You will need a JDK 1.7 for this profile to work correctly.
# in parent folder
mvn clean compile -P cycle
Will check package cycles (also called package tangling in Sonar) and check the build if given cycles are detected. Classycle lets you define architectural constraints that can be checked automatically.
Depedency definition files are very simple to edit. Here is an example :
show allResults
###define packages / groups of packages of interest
## layers
[ui] = com.octo.android.sample.ui.*
[other] = com.octo.android.sample.* excluding [ui]
###check layers integrity
check [other] independentOf [ui]
Robolectric development in eclipse
RoboElectric tests are separated from the sample project, as all testing technologies.
To make this configuration work in eclipse, do the following :
//TODO update this
- after each "maven update" of your project, remember to configure the build path of your project, go to the last tab and uncheck maven dependencies so that they are not included into the final apk.
- in your eclipse junit configuration for your project, add both "bin/classes" to the classpath, and set the environment variable ANDROID_HOME to the android home folder on your computer.
- add the android jars from your maven repository to your junit run configuration in eclipse.
TODO : POST a SNAPSHOT of the JUnit run config in eclipse
Now, simply execute your project as a JUnit project and all robolectric tests will get executed.
Using Gradle
All gradle-related file are stored in folder gradle.
With Gradle 1.8+ and android gradle plugin 0.6.+ :
build the app under tests
# in parent folder
gradle clean assemble
launch the app under tests
# in parent folder
gradle :android-sample:installDebug
play standard android tests (without emma coverage):
# in parent folder
gradle clean assembleDebug connectedInstrumentTest
#export to sonar
gradle :android-sample:sonarRunner
play espresso tests (without emma coverage):
# in parent folder
gradle clean assembleDebug :android-sample-espresso-tests:connectedInstrumentTest
play robolectric tests :
# in parent folder
gradle clean assembleDebug robolectric
#export to sonar
gradle :android-sample-robolectric-tests:sonarRunner
Findbugs + Checkstyle + PMD + classycle :
# in parent folder
gradle check
or independently :
# in parent folder
#you need to run assemble before most of those
#gradle assembleDebug
gradle checkstyle
gradle findbugs
gradle pmd
gradle classycle
Running lint :
# in parent folder
gradle :android-sample:lint
Aggregate reports :
# in parent folder
gradle buildDashboard
TODO run test coverage using emma (standard tests):
TODO run test coverage using cobertura (robolectric tests):
TODO run test coverage using jacoco (both tests):
TODO play uiautomator tests
TODO play monkey tests
TODO play monkey runner tests
TODO shoot more stuff to sonar
Thanks to
- OCTO Technology to provide us with free time to work on that project.
- Henri Treblay from OCTO Technology for having ported EasyMock to Android.
- Thanks to Jayway for their Android Maven Plugin.
- Thanks to Sonar Source for supporting this effort, especially for this project's configuration.
- Thanks to Jake Wharton and Pierre-Yves Ricaud for mentionning FEST-Android.
- Thanks to Novoda for their Gradle Robolectric plugin.
- Thanks to Seth Rylan Gainey for his Gradle settings.
Quality Tools for Android in the news !!
- [Android Weekly issue #55 !] (http://androidweekly.net/#latest-issue)
- [Android Dev Weekly, issue #49 !] (http://androiddevweekly.com/2013/03/11/Issue-49.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+AndroidDevWeekly+%28%23AndroidDev+Weekly%29)
- Our presentation at Devoxx France 2013.
License
Copyright (C) 2013 Stéphane Nicolas & Jérôme Van Der Linden
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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