AndroidDemoIn4Languages
A simple Android application written in Java, Groovy, Scala and Kotlin in order to find out what is the better language for Android development.
ChangeLog
- 2017-03-30 Update versions: Android Sdk -> v25, Gradle Plugin -> v2.2.0, Kotlin -> v1.1.1, Groovy -> 2.4.10
- 2016-07-30 Update Scala, SBT, sbt-android versions
- 2016-05-19 Update Kotlin from v1.0.0 to v1.0.2
How to Compare?
Only import the minimal dependencies.
Dependence Report
- In Java
- Import
com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.2.0
- Import
- In Groovy
- Import
com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.2.0 - Import
org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.4.10:grooid - Import
org.codehaus.groovy:groovy-json:2.4.10
- Import
- In Scala
- Import
com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.2.0 - Import
org.scala-lang:scala-library:2.11.8
- Import
- In Kotlin
- Import
com.android.support:appcompat-v7:25.2.0 - Import
org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.1.1
- Import
Analysis Report
Line Counter
| Language | Files | Blank Lines | Comment Lines | Code Lines |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Java | 3 | 20 | 9 | 157 |
| Groovy | 3 | 23 | 9 | 140 |
| Scala | 3 | 32 | 9 | 127 |
| Kotlin | 3 | 23 | 9 | 136 |
Size Counter
| Language | Disable Proguard (bytes) | Enable Proguard (bytes) |
|---|---|---|
| Java | 1,438,673 | 893,137 |
| Groovy | 3,395,936 | 1,982,125 |
| Scala | 3,277,007 | 1,349,352 |
| Kotlin | 1,833,258 | 903,566 |
Method Counter
| Language | Disable Proguard | Enable Proguard |
|---|---|---|
| Java | 17,416 | 7,608 |
| Groovy | 47,982 | 24,379 |
| Scala | 67,608 | 20,109 |
| Kotlin | 23,587 | 7,656 |
Build Speed
Test on MacBook Pro (Retina, 15-inch, Mid 2014 & APPLE SSD SM0256F Media)
Gradle task: ./gradlew :app:clean :app:assembleDebug SBT task: sbt app/clean app/android:package
| Language | Gradle Plugin | Time (secs) | SBT | Time (secs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Java | 2.2.0 | ≈ 8 | 0.13.12 | ≈ 10 |
| Groovy | 2.2.0 | ≈ 20 | 0.13.12 | - |
| Scala | 1.3.1 | ≈ 28 | 0.13.12 | ≈ 17 |
| Kotlin | 2.2.0 | ≈ 9 | 0.13.12 | ≈ 20 |
Coding Comparison
Find View
Java
TextView title = (TextView)view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1);
Groovy
def title = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1) as TextView
Scala
With Typed Resources enabled (include in Android SDK Plugin for SBT)
val title = view.findView(TR.text1)
Note: as a fallback, one can use the more traditional cast-based approach:
val title = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1).asInstanceOf[TextView]
Kotlin
With Kotlin Android Extensions enabled (no extra dependencies needed):
val title = view.text1
Note: as a fallback, one can use the more traditional cast-based approach:
val title = view.findViewById(android.R.id.text1) as TextView
OnClickListener
Java
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
void onClick(final View v) {
// do something
}
})
Groovy
button.onClickListener = {
// do something
}
Scala
button.onClick((v: View) =>
// do something
)
Kotlin
button.setOnClickListener {
// do something
}
Callback
Java
public interface FindCallback {
void onFinish(List<String> results, Exception e);
}
private void findCountries(FindCallback doneCallback) {
try {
// a long time mission
doneCallback.onFinish(results, null);
} catch (Exception e) {
doneCallback.onFinish(null, e);
}
}
findCountries(new FindCallback(){
void onFinish(List<String> results, Exception e){
// handle result
}
});
Groovy
def findCountries(Closure doneCallback) {
try {
// a long time mission
doneCallback(results, null)
} catch (e) {
doneCallback(null, e)
}
}
findCountries{ List<String> results, Exception e ->
// handle result
});
Scala
def findCountries(doneCallback: (ArrayBuffer[String], Exception) => Unit):Unit = {
try {
// a long time mission
doneCallback(results, null)
} catch {
case e: Exception => doneCallback(null, e)
}
}
findCountries((names: ArrayBuffer[String], e: Exception) =>
// handle result
)
Kotlin
fun findCountries(doneCallback: (List<String>?, Exception?) -> Unit) {
try {
// a long time mission
doneCallback(results, null)
} catch (e: Exception) {
doneCallback(null, e)
}
}
findCountries{ list, e ->
// handle result
}
Extension
Scala
object AndroidContext {
implicit class RichContext(ctx: Context) {
def toast(msg: String) = Toast.makeText(ctx, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
def progress(): ProgressDialog = {
val progressDialog = new ProgressDialog(ctx)
progressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER)
progressDialog.setCancelable(false)
progressDialog
}
}
}
import AndroidContext._
this.toast(msg)
this.progress().show()
Kotlin
fun Activity.toast(message: CharSequence?, duration: Int = Toast.LENGTH_SHORT) {
Toast.makeText(this, message, duration).show()
}
fun Activity.progress() = ProgressDialog(this).apply {
setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_SPINNER)
setCancelable(false)
}
Switch
Java
String result;
switch (obj) {
case 1:
result = "Result is 1";
break;
case 10:
result = "Result is 10";
break;
default:
result = "Default result";
break;
}
Groovy
def result
switch (obj) {
case 0:
result = "Object equals"
break
case 11..20:
result = "Range contains"
break
case [1, 2, 3]:
result = "List contains"
break
case Float:
result = "Class instance"
break
case { it % 3 == 0 }:
result = "Closure"
break
case ~'[0-9]{3}':
result = "Pattern match"
break
default:
result = "Default"
break
}
Scala
val result = foo match {
case 0 => "Object equals"
case i if i == 10 || i == 11 => "Expression"
case i: Int => s"Class instance holds $i"
case List(1, 2, _*) => "List contains"
case Number(n) => s"Case class holds $n"
case t: {def length: Int} => "Duck type"
case _ => "Default"
}
Kotlin
var result = when (foo) {
0 -> "Object equals"
3, 10 -> "Or"
in 11..20 -> "Range contains"
is Date -> "Class instance"
!in 4..30 -> "Range not contain"
else -> "Default"
}
3rd Party Libraries
Scala
Kotlin
Who use these languages?
TODO
Community Support
- Java Native Support
- Groovy Official Support
- Scala No Support
- Kotlin Official Support
Conclusion
The futher comparison to be continue...
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